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VB应用程序中实现“查找和替换”功能2005-09-25 08:14:00

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VB应用程序中实现“查找和替换”功能                  作者:unknown 更新时间: 2005-05-03                                              下载本文源代码                         一、前言                            尽管Visual                         Basic并不是我最喜欢的开发工具,但我喜欢它简单而又丰富的库集。每当开发一个需要处理大量文本数据的应用程序时,需要具有拼写错误纠正功能,例如,微软的Word程序,当运行"拼写检查"时,将提供给你一个改正错误的机会(尽管是建议),它同时也提供了"查找替换"工具,用以进行用户定义的单词替换。这篇文章我将解释如何在VB应用程序中实现"查找替换"功能。                         二、前提条件                            在解释代码的时候,我假定读者朋友们已经有使用Visual Basic的经验,熟悉Visual                         Studio开发环境中各种内置的控件及库函数(尽管我使用的不多)。我已经尝试着尽可能地简化程序代码,用不了多久你就可以明白程序的逻辑。如果想对一些库函数(如参数,语法)进一步详细地理解,可以参阅MSDN。图一是程序运行后的效果图:                                 图一、程序实现"查找替换"功能时的效果图                         三、基础工作                            首先创建一个标准的EXE类型的VB工程,将默认窗体更名为frmMainForm                         ,在默认窗体上增添一个菜单,具体设置如下(符号"&"用于加速键,单词mnu后的名字用来说明菜单项的名字(在代码中使用)):                               &Edit                               ...&Find and Replace mnuFindandreplace                               E&xit mnuExit                                                    向默认窗体添加一个TextBox控件,命名为txtClientArea。使用鼠标调整控件位置和尺寸,使它覆盖窗体的整个客户区,在属性窗口将这个TextBox控件的                         MultiLine属性设置为"True"。                            使用Project > Add                         Form菜单向工程中添加另外一个窗体,将这个窗体命名为"frmFindReplace",并在属性窗口中将它的BorderStyle属性设置为"4                         -                         FixedToolWindow"。现在,添加两个TextBox控件,并分别命名为"txtSearchTerm"和"txtReplaceWithString"。添加一个复选框,命名为chkCaseSense。最后,添加一个命令按钮控件,命名为"cmdReplace"。                            在frmMainForm窗体中添加如下代码:                               Private Sub mnuExit_Click()                                 End                               End Sub                               Private Sub mnuFindandreplace_Click()                                 frmFindReplace.FindnReplace txtClientArea                               End Sub                            从上面代码中可以非常明显地看出, 当点击Exit菜单时,我们想终结应用程序,当点击"Find and                         Replace"菜单时,想通过共用接口frmFindReplace及FindnReplace()方法来激活frmFindReplace窗体。这个公用的接口使查找算法具有普遍性,使用这个接口时,需要提供一个TextBox作为参数(在这里面,搜寻将被执行)。通过使用你自己的TextBox的名字来代替txtClientArea的名字,可以在多个文本框内执行"查找替换"功能,而不用更改代码。"查找和替换"的实现代码主要是在frmFindReplace窗体内,这个模块的代码如下:                               ' This variable is used for making the algorithm                               generic.                               Dim txtClient As TextBox                               ' This method is the public interface to SnR                               functionality.                               Public Sub FindnReplace(ByRef Tb As TextBox)                                 Set txtClient = Tb                                 Me.Show , txtClient.Parent                               End Sub                               Private Sub cmdReplace_Click()                                 Dim CaseSense As Integer                                 Dim SourceText As String                                 Dim SourceTextCopy As String                                 Dim Cnt As Integer                                 ' Check for the case sensitivity options                                 If (chkCaseSense.Value = vbChecked) Then                                  CaseSense = 0                                 Else                                  CaseSense = 1                                 End If                                 ' One contains the original text and another                               contains replaced                                 ' (updated) one.                                 ' Used to check whether a replacement was done                               or not.                                 SourceText = txtClient.Text                                 SourceTextCopy = SourceText                                 If Len(SourceText) = 0 Then                                  Exit Sub                                 End If                                 On Error GoTo ErrHandler                                 Dim SearchTermLen As Integer                                 Dim FndPos As Integer                                 SearchTermLen = Len(txtSearchTerm.Text)                                 ' Search from the begining of the document.                                 Cnt = 1                                 ' This is endless loop (terminated on a                               condition checked inside                                 ' the loop body).                                 While (1)                                 FndPos = InStr(Cnt, SourceText,                               txtSearchTerm.Text, CaseSense)                                 ' When a match is found, replace it                               appropriately.                                 If (FndPos > 0) Then                                  SourceText = ReplaceFun(SourceText, FndPos,                               Len(txtSearchTerm.Text),                               txtReplaceWithString.Text)                                  Cnt = FndPos + SearchTermLen                                 Else                                  Cnt = Cnt + 1                                 End If                                 ' Whether a replacement was done at all or not                                 If (Cnt >= Len(SourceText)) Then                                  txtClient.Text = SourceText                                  If (SourceTextCopy <> SourceText) Then                                   MsgBox "Finished replacing all occurrences.",                               vbInformation + vbOKOnly, "Replaced All"                                  Else                                   MsgBox "No matching strings found. No text                               replaced.", vbInformation + vbOKOnly, "No                               Replacement"                                  End If                                  Unload Me                                  Exit Sub                                 End If                                 ' Else Restart from henceforth                                 Wend                                 Exit Sub                               ErrHandler:                                 Response = MsgBox("An error ocurred while                               searching. Inform the developer with details.", _                               vbExclamation + vbOKOnly, "Error Searching")                               End Sub                               Private Sub Form_Load()                                 ' Default SearchTerm must be the one selected by                               the user in                                 ' MainForm                                 If Len(txtClient.SelText) <> 0 Then                                  txtSearchTerm.Text = txtClient.SelText                                 End If                               End Sub                               Function ReplaceFun(Source As String, FromPos As                               Integer, _                               Length As Integer, StringTBReplaced _                               As String) As String                                 ' Replaces a source string with new one                               appropriately                                 Dim ResultStr As String                                 ResultStr = Left(Source, FromPos - 1)                                 ResultStr = ResultStr & StringTBReplaced                                 ResultStr = ResultStr & Right(Source,                               Len(Source) - FromPos - Length + 1)                                 ReplaceFun = ResultStr                               End Function                               Private Sub txtReplaceWithString_Change()                                 Call EnableDisableReplaceButton                               End Sub                               Private Sub txtReplaceWithString_GotFocus()                                 ' Select the contents of the textbox                                 If Len(txtReplaceWithString.Text) <> 0 Then                                  txtReplaceWithString.SelStart = 0                                  txtReplaceWithString.SelLength =                               Len(txtReplaceWithString.Text)                                 End If                               End Sub                               Private Sub txtSearchTerm_Change()                                 Call EnableDisableReplaceButton                               End Sub                               Private Sub EnableDisableReplaceButton()                                 If Len(txtSearchTerm.Text) <> 0 _                                  And Len(txtReplaceWithString.Text) <> 0 Then                                  cmdReplace.Enabled = True                                 Else                                  cmdReplace.Enabled = False                                 End If                               End Sub                               Private Sub txtSearchTerm_GotFocus()                                 ' Select the contents of textbox                                 If Len(txtSearchTerm.Text) <> 0 Then                                  txtSearchTerm.SelStart = 0                                  txtSearchTerm.SelLength =                               Len(txtSearchTerm.Text)                                 End If                               End Sub                         四、代码说明                                                    公用接口SearchnReplace的"查找替换"算法带有普遍性,使用这种方法,"查找替换"功能可以在任何应用程序中实现,而不用更改frmFindReplace的代码。只是在调用公用接口的地方需要做一些小的改动。                            "查找和替换"代码在cmdReplace_Click()过程与ReplaceFun()                         函数下,让我们从cmdReplace_Click()过程开始。                                                    首先,变量CaseSense用于跟踪用户的选择,是否是大小写敏感,如果用户选择大小写敏感的话,它的值设置为0,否则,设置为1。变量SourceText和SourceTextCopy用于保存frmMainForm窗体中                         txtClientArea的内容(或者是用户在主窗体中为TextBox提供的内容,对于本程序来说,它就是txtClientArea),两个变量保存同样的内容将在下面进行解释(一个是临时变量)。变量Cnt用来跟踪文档的结束,当重新从文档开始处进行"查找替换"时它将非常有用。这个变量含蓄地说明了当前光标的位置,下次的"查找替换"将从这个位置开始。                            主要的算法在while循环内,只要替换或是源TextBox被扫描时,这个循环都将被激活。                                                    第二步,我使用了InStr()库函数,它将从第一个参数规定的位置处开始搜索,如果在第二个参数字符串中发现与第三个字符串相匹配的子串,将返回该子串的位置。最后一个参数是大小写敏感选项。                                                    InStr()函数的返回值传递给FndPos,如果在源文档中发现了所要查找的字符串,这个值将大于0,否则将返回一个0值。在紧接着的IF语句中,首先替换SourceText变量,然后是通过FndPos                         + SearchTermLen语句修改Cnt变量,这是必须的,                         因为下一次的"查找和替换"要从新的位置开始。另一方面,在Else部分,Cnt变量加一,说名查找和替换要从下一个字符开始。紧接着的几个语句用来通知用户查找结果,它们非常容易理解,也非常容易实现。可以直接跳过它们。                                                    最后,ReplaceFun()函数进行实际的替换工作,它从源字符串的左边开始,挑选出所有的字符,直到发现所搜索的字符串位置处为止。紧接着,StringTBReplace被添加到结果的后面,它将代替所匹配的源字符串。最后,所有的保留的源字符(排除所要更换的子字符串)被添加到这个结果中去,并作为结果返回。                         五、结论                                                    有很多方法来实现这一功能,但我认为我所使用的方法是最简单也是最直接的,通过例子程序,你可以在应用程序中实现自己的"查找替换"功能。

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