// Module Name: Ping.c//// Description:// This sample illustrates how an ICMP ping app can be written// using the SOCK_RAW socket type and IPPROTO_ICMP protocol.// By creating a raw socket, the underlying layer does not change// the protocol header so that when we submit the ICMP header// nothing is changed so that the receiving end will see an // ICMP packet. Additionally, we use the record route IP option// to get a round trip path to the endpoint. Note that the size// of the IP option header that records the route is limited to// nine IP addresses.//// Compile:// cl -o Ping Ping.c ws2_32.lib /Zp1//// Command Line Options/Parameters:// Ping [host] [packet-size]// // host String name of host to ping// packet-size Integer size of packet to send // (smaller than 1024 bytes)////#pragma pack(1)#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN#include #include #include #include #define IP_RECORD_ROUTE 0x7// // IP header structure//typedef struct _iphdr {unsigned int h_len:4; // Length of the headerunsigned int version:4; // Version of IPunsigned char tos; // Type of serviceunsigned short total_len; // Total length of the packetunsigned short ident; // Unique identifierunsigned short frag_and_flags; // Flagsunsigned char ttl; // Time to liveunsigned char proto; // Protocol (TCP, UDP etc)unsigned short checksum; // IP checksumunsigned int sourceIP;unsigned int destIP;} IpHeader;#define ICMP_ECHO 8#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0#define ICMP_MIN 8 // Minimum 8-byte ICMP packet (header)//// ICMP header structure//typedef struct _icmphdr {BYTE i_type;BYTE i_code; // Type sub codeUSHORT i_cksum;USHORT i_id;USHORT i_seq;// This is not the standard header, but we reserve space for timeULONG timestamp;} IcmpHeader;//// IP option header - use with socket option IP_OPTIONS//typedef struct _ipoptionhdr{unsigned char code; // Option typeunsigned char len; // Length of option hdrunsigned char ptr; // Offset into optionsunsigned long addr[9]; // List of IP addrs} IpOptionHeader;#define DEF_PACKET_SIZE 32 // Default packet size#define MAX_PACKET 1024 // Max ICMP packet size#define MAX_IP_HDR_SIZE 60 // Max IP header size w/optionsBOOL bRecordRoute;int datasize;char *lpdest;//// Function: usage//// Description:// Print usage information//void usage(char *progname){printf("usage: ping -r [data size]\n");printf(" -r record route\n");printf(" host remote machine to ping\n");printf(" datasize can be up to 1KB\n");ExitProcess(-1); // // Function: FillICMPData//// Description:// Helper function to fill in various fields for our ICMP request//void FillICMPData(char *icmp_data, int datasize){IcmpHeader *icmp_hdr = NULL;char *datapart = NULL;icmp_hdr = (IcmpHeader*)icmp_data;icmp_hdr->i_type = ICMP_ECHO; // Request an ICMP echoicmp_hdr->i_code = 0;icmp_hdr->i_id = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId();icmp_hdr->i_cksum = 0;icmp_hdr->i_seq = 0;datapart = icmp_data + sizeof(IcmpHeader);//// Place some junk in the buffer//memset(datapart,'E', datasize - sizeof(IcmpHeader));}// // Function: checksum//// Description:// This function calculates the 16-bit one's complement sum// of the supplied buffer (ICMP) header//USHORT checksum(USHORT *buffer, int size) {unsigned long cksum=0;while (size > 1) {cksum += *buffer++;size -= sizeof(USHORT);}if (size) {cksum += *(UCHAR*)buffer;}cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum & 0xffff);cksum += (cksum >>16);return (USHORT)(~cksum);//// Function: DecodeIPOptions//// Description:// If the IP option header is present, find the IP options// within the IP header and print the record route option// values//void DecodeIPOptions(char *buf, int bytes){IpOptionHeader *ipopt = NULL;IN_ADDR inaddr;int i;HOSTENT *host = NULL;ipopt = (IpOptionHeader *)(buf + 20);printf("RR: ");for(i = 0; i < (ipopt->ptr / 4) - 1; i++){inaddr.S_un.S_addr = ipopt->addr[i];if (i != 0)printf(" ");host = gethostbyaddr((char *)&inaddr.S_un.S_addr,sizeof(inaddr.S_un.S_addr), AF_INET);if (host)printf("(%-15s) %s\n", inet_ntoa(inaddr), host->h_name);elseprintf("(%-15s)\n", inet_ntoa(inaddr));}return;}//// Function: DecodeICMPHeader//// Description:// The response is an IP packet. We must decode the IP header to// locate the ICMP data.//void DecodeICMPHeader(char *buf, int bytes, struct sockaddr_in *from){IpHeader *iphdr = NULL;IcmpHeader *icmphdr = NULL;unsigned short iphdrlen;DWORD tick;static int icmpcount = 0;iphdr = (IpHeader *)buf;// Number of 32-bit words * 4 = bytesiphdrlen = iphdr->h_len * 4;tick = GetTickCount();if ((iphdrlen == MAX_IP_HDR_SIZE) && (!icmpcount))DecodeIPOptions(buf, bytes);if (bytes < iphdrlen + ICMP_MIN) {printf("Too few bytes from %s\n", inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));}icmphdr = (IcmpHeader*)(buf + iphdrlen);if (icmphdr->i_type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {printf("nonecho type %d recvd\n", icmphdr->i_type);return;}// Make sure this is an ICMP reply to something we sent!//if (icmphdr->i_id != (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId()) {printf("someone else's packet!\n");return ;}printf("%d bytes from %s:", bytes, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));printf(" icmp_seq = %d. ", icmphdr->i_seq);printf(" time: %d ms", tick - icmphdr->timestamp);printf("\n");icmpcount++;return;}void ValidateArgs(int argc, char **argv){int i;bRecordRoute = FALSE;lpdest = NULL;datasize = DEF_PACKET_SIZE;for(i = 1; i < argc; i++){if ((argv[i][0] == '-') || (argv[i][0] == '/')){switch (tolower(argv[i][1])){case 'r': // Record route optionbRecordRoute = TRUE;break;default:usage(argv[0]);break;}}else if (isdigit(argv[i][0]))datasize = atoi(argv[i]);elselpdest = argv[i];}}//// Function: main//// Description:// Setup the ICMP raw socket, and create the ICMP header. Add// the appropriate IP option header, and start sending ICMP// echo requests to the endpoint. For each send and receive,// we set a timeout value so that we don't wait forever for a // response in case the endpoint is not responding. When we// receive a packet decode it.//int main(int argc, char **argv){WSADATA wsaData;SOCKET sockRaw = INVALID_SOCKET;struct sockaddr_in dest,from;int bread,fromlen = sizeof(from),timeout = 1000,ret;char *icmp_data = NULL,*recvbuf = NULL;unsigned int addr = 0;USHORT seq_no = 0;struct hostent *hp = NULL;IpOptionHeader ipopt;if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0){printf("WSAStartup() failed: %d\n", GetLastError());return -1;}ValidateArgs(argc, argv);//// WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED flag is required for SO_RCVTIMEO, // SO_SNDTIMEO option. If NULL is used as last param for // WSASocket, all I/O on the socket is synchronous, the // internal user mode wait code never gets a chance to // execute, and therefore kernel-mode I/O blocks forever. // A socket created via the socket function has the over-// lapped I/O attribute set internally. But here we need // to use WSASocket to specify a raw socket.//// If you want to use timeout with a synchronous // nonoverlapped socket created by WSASocket with last // param set to NULL, you can set the timeout by using // the select function, or you can use WSAEventSelect and // set the timeout in the WSAWaitForMultipleEvents // function.//sockRaw = WSASocket (AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0,WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);if (sockRaw == INVALID_SOCKET) {printf("WSASocket() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return -1;}if (bRecordRoute){// Setup the IP option header to go out on every ICMP packet//ZeroMemory(&ipopt, sizeof(ipopt));ipopt.code = IP_RECORD_ROUTE; // Record route optionipopt.ptr = 4; // Point to the first addr offsetipopt.len = 39; // Length of option headerret = setsockopt(sockRaw, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, (char *)&ipopt, sizeof(ipopt));if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR){printf("setsockopt(IP_OPTIONS) failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());}}// Set the send/recv timeout values//bread = setsockopt(sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));if(bread == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("setsockopt(SO_RCVTIMEO) failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return -1;}timeout = 1000;bread = setsockopt(sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("setsockopt(SO_SNDTIMEO) failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return -1;}memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest));//// Resolve the endpoint's name if necessary//dest.sin_family = AF_INET;if ((dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(lpdest)) == INADDR_NONE){if ((hp = gethostbyname(lpdest)) != NULL){memcpy(&(dest.sin_addr), hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);dest.sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;printf("dest.sin_addr = %s\n", inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr));}else{printf("gethostbyname() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return -1;}} // // Create the ICMP packet// datasize += sizeof(IcmpHeader); icmp_data = HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,MAX_PACKET);recvbuf = HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,MAX_PACKET);if (!icmp_data) {printf("HeapAlloc() failed: %d\n", GetLastError());return -1;}memset(icmp_data,0,MAX_PACKET);FillICMPData(icmp_data,datasize);//// Start sending/receiving ICMP packets//while(1) {static int nCount = 0;int bwrote;if (nCount++ == 4) break;((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = 0;((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->timestamp = GetTickCount();((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_seq = seq_no++;((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = checksum((USHORT*)icmp_data, datasize);bwrote = sendto(sockRaw, icmp_data, datasize, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&dest, sizeof(dest));if (bwrote == SOCKET_ERROR){if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT) {printf("timed out\n");continue;}printf("sendto() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return -1;}if (bwrote < datasize) {printf("Wrote %d bytes\n", bwrote);}bread = recvfrom(sockRaw, recvbuf, MAX_PACKET, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&from, &fromlen);if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR){if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT) {printf("timed out\n");continue;}printf("recvfrom() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return -1;}DecodeICMPHeader(recvbuf, bread, &from);Sleep(1000);}// Cleanup//if (sockRaw != INVALID_SOCKET) closesocket(sockRaw);HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, recvbuf);HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, icmp_data);WSACleanup();return 0;}

评论