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ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX中Webservice调用方法示例2007-02-25 12:20:00

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ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX中能够在客户端js中很方便地调用服务器Webservice，以下为一些调用的示例。笔者安装的ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX

版本为AJAX November CTP。

三个示例分别为：
1 带参数的WS方法
2 不带参数的WS方法
3 参数类型为DataTable的WS方法

一、WebMethod
注意要点：
1 WebMethod类需要添加命名空间 Microsoft.Web.Script.Services，此空间需要引用Microsoft.Web.Preview.dll
2 类声明加入标签 [ScriptService]
3 在Asp.net 2.0里可以直接用DataTable作为返回类型了，但是需要在Web.config文件添加序列化转换器的属性。DataSet、DataTable、DataRow均有转换器

  <system.web.extensions>
    <scripting>
      <webServices>
        <jsonSerialization>
          <converters>
            <add name="DataSetConverter" type="Microsoft.Web.Preview.Script.Serialization.Converters.DataSetConverter, Microsoft.Web.Preview"/>
            <add name="DataRowConverter" type="Microsoft.Web.Preview.Script.Serialization.Converters.DataRowConverter, Microsoft.Web.Preview"/>
            <add name="DataTableConverter" type="Microsoft.Web.Preview.Script.Serialization.Converters.DataTableConverter, Microsoft.Web.Preview"/>
          </converters>
        </jsonSerialization>
      </webServices>
    </scripting>
  </system.web.extensions>
WEB服务1：WS1

using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web.Services;
using System.Web.Services.Protocols;
using Microsoft.Web.Script.Services;
using System.Data;
/**//// <summary>
/// WS1 的摘要说明
/// </summary>
[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
[ScriptService]
public class WS1 : System.Web.Services.WebService {

    public WS1 () {

        //如果使用设计的组件，请取消注释以下行
        //InitializeComponent();
    }

    [WebMethod]
    public string ServerTime()
    {
        return String.Format("now： {0}", DateTime.Now);
    }

    [WebMethod]
    public DataTable GetDataTable()
    {
        DataTable dt = new DataTable("Person");

        dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Name", typeof(string)));
        dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("LastName", typeof(string)));
        dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Email", typeof(string)));

        dt.Rows.Add("kui", "he", "hekui168@163.com");
        dt.Rows.Add("ren", "chao", "chaoren888@163.com");

        return dt;
    }
}


WEB服务2：WS

using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web.Services;
using System.Web.Services.Protocols;
using Microsoft.Web.Script.Services;

/**//// <summary>
/// WS 的摘要说明
/// </summary>
[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
[ScriptService]
public class WS : System.Web.Services.WebService {

    public WS () {

        //如果使用设计的组件，请取消注释以下行
        //InitializeComponent();
    }

    [WebMethod]
    [ScriptMethod(UseHttpGet = true)]
    public string HelloWorld(String query)
    {
        string inputString = Server.HtmlEncode(query);
        if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(inputString))
        {
            return String.Format("hello, {0}. ", inputString);
        }
        else
        {
            return "query string is null or empty";
        }
    }

}


二、前台页面：
注意要点：
需要使用的后台WebService的方法均设置在如下位置

        <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">
            <Services>
                <asp:ServiceReference Path="~/WS.asmx" />
                <asp:ServiceReference Path="~/WS1.asmx" />
            </Services>
        </asp:ScriptManager>
Default页面：

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title>Untitled Page</title>

    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="js.js">
    </script>

</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
        <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">
            <Services>
                <asp:ServiceReference Path="~/WS.asmx" />
                <asp:ServiceReference Path="~/WS1.asmx" />
            </Services>
        </asp:ScriptManager>
        <div>
            <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Button" OnClientClick="dd();return false;" />
            <div id="time">
            </div>
            <div id="List1">
                <asp:DropDownList ID="ddl1" runat="server" Width="187px">
                </asp:DropDownList>
                </div>
           
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

三、JavaScript程序:
注意要点：
AJAX November CTP 需要用 eval() 方法将其转换成一个DataTable对象(并且要裁掉最前面的"(")，而AJAX December CTP 支持以下方法转换“Sys.Preview.Data.DataTable.parseFromJson(result)”

    function dd()
    {
        WS.HelloWorld(  
                         'hekui',
                         function(result)
                         {
                            alert(result);
                         }
                     );
        WS1.ServerTime( 
                         function(result)
                         {
                            alert(result);
                            var divTime = document.getElementById("time");
                            divTime.innerHTML = result;
                         }
                     );
       WS1.GetDataTable(
                         function(result)
                         {
                            // 获取到下拉框控件
                            var List = document.getElementById("ddl1");
                                                      
                            //AJAX November CTP 需要用 eval() 方法将其转换成一个DataTable对象(并且要裁掉最前面的"(")
                            var Text= result.dataArray.substring(0,result.dataArray.length -1);           
                            var Table = eval( Text);
                           
                            //AJAX December CTP 支持以下方法转换
//                            var Table = Sys.Preview.Data.DataTable.parseFromJson(result);
                           
                            //清除下拉框原有列表项
                            for (x=List.options.length-1; x > -1; x--)
                            {
                                List.remove(0);
                            }
                           
                            //从获取的DataTable添加数据到下拉框列表项
                            for (x=0; x < Table.length; x++ )
                            {
                                //获取每一行
                                var Row = Table[x];         
                                //创建一个列表项                 
                                var option = document.createElement("option");
                                //列表项显示文本赋值
                                option.text = Row.Name + " " + Row.LastName;  
                                //列表项选项值赋值
                                option.value = Row.Email;                     

                                //判断浏览器类型，进行项目添加    
                                if ( window.navigator.appName.toLowerCase().indexOf("microsoft") > -1)
                                   List.add(option); 
                                else
                                   List.add(option, null);         
                            }
                         }
                       );
    }
示例代码：http://www.cnblogs.com/Files/heekui/AJAXStudy.rar
http://www.cnblogs.com/heekui/archive/2007/01/10/616332.html

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