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Cisco路由器配置手册2006-05-27 01:05:00

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一•CISCO路由器简介     1.1 统一采用IOS操作系统,操作具有一致性。     1.2 CISCO IOS操作环境。   ROM monitor > Failure of password recovery   BootROM router(boot) > Flash image upgrade   Cisco IOS router > Normal operation     1.3 Command Modes命令模式。   User EXEC Router> user access   Privileged EXEC Router# System adminstration   Configuration mode Router(config)# Modify configuration   Setup Prompted dialog Create the initial   configuration     二 配置前的准备工作     2.1 用终端或仿真终端接入CONSOLE口 。   终端或仿真终端配置信息如下:   9600 baud 8 data bits no parity 2 stop bits (9600,8/N/2)     2.2 用TELNET命令在网上进行设置。   系统管理员可在网上用telnet address命令进行远程配置。     三 配置方法     3.1 Auto install   3.2 setup   3.3 config 命令行设置-       四 配置IP地址     4. 1采用 (3.1 /3.2) 方法进行配置。     4.2 config命令行方式进行设置   4.2.1 首先启动ROUTER 进入router > 模式。   键入Enable 进入router # 模式   然后键入config 进入router(config)# 模式   4.2.2 选择要配置的路由器端口   Router(config) # interface端口号   进入端口设置状态 Router(config-if)   此时用命令IP address <掩码>   设定路由器端口IP地址       五 配置ip路由协议 (RIP ,OSPF ,BGP ,STATICS)   在globle模式下配置 例图见附图。     5. 1静态路由   IP route 目的网络地址 子网掩码 端口号   例:在RA1上配RA2的路由   IP route 10.0.210.4 255.255.255.252 E0     5.2 RIP2设置   以路器A1为例进行如下设置   router rip ;enable rip   version 2 ;选择版本2   network 10.86.16.0 ;相关子网地址   network 10.85.1.4   network 10.85.1.8       5.3 OSPF设置   以路由器D为例进行如下配置   router ospf 200 ;enable ospf 进程号为200   redistribute bgp 200 subnets ;   network 10.0.210.4 0.0.0.3 area 1 ; 相关子网地址及区域号   network 10.185.1.16 0.0.0.3 area 1       5.4 BGP设置   以路由器A2和D为例   A2:   router bgp 100 ;enable bgp 设置自治域号   network 10.0.210.4 mask 255.255.255.252 ;相关子网地址及子   网掩码   network 10.80.0.0 mask 255.240.0.0 ; 这些地址由bgp发到邻   居路由器   redistribute rip   neighbor 10.0.210.6 remote-as 200 ;设置远程相连自治域边   界路由器端口   D2:   router bgp 200   network 10.0.210.4 mask 255.255.255.252   network 10.0.32.0 mask 255.255.240.0   network 10.185.1.16 mask 255.255.255.252   network 10.0.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252   neighbor 10.0.210.5 remote-as 100     六 radius认证的设置     6.1 radius的简述   RADIUS的全称为(Remote Access Dail-In User Service),它是对远程拨号用户访问进行认证的一种协议。主要进行Authentication Authorization Accounting (AAA) 三方面的工作。     6.2 radius的配置   具体配置如下:   aaa new-mode ;enable radius   radius-server host ;指明radius server在网   上的地址   radius-server key ;建立一个网上传输密   aaa authentication login default radius local ;进行login认证,若radius   server未找到从本地数据库内查找   aaa authentication ppp default radius local   aaa authorization network radius local ;授权检测   aaa accounting network start-stop radius ;计帐检测     七 路由器软件升级方法     7.1 改变操作环境   在global config mode设置: config -reg 0x2101   reload 进入Boot Rom 模式:router(boot)>     7.2 运行tftp server   在网上运行tftp server,使升级文件可以传输。     7.3 升级版本   命令如下:   copy tftp flash ;将tftp server上的文件传入路由器的flash memoy中   copy flash tftp ; j将flash中的文件备份到tftp server中     八 配置路由器的一些注意事项     8.1拨号用户的配置。   cisco 2509/2511的异步串行通讯口在配置modem时,modem需设置成自动应答方式。具体方法如下:   用超级终端进入modem AT 命令方式,键入ats0=1 设置自动应答方式,然后键入at&w 将设置写入寄存器。     8.2 RIP & BGP的设置   当一个运行RIP路由协议的子网,做为一个自治域,用BGP协议接入另一   自治域时。此子网内所有路由器需添加参数: ip classless 。同时在   与边界路由器直接相连的路由器上需添加一个缺省网关。   设置如下:   ip 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 边界路由器地址。     8.3 v.35电缆直连的设置   在相关的端口上设置时钟速率:clock rate < speed> .     8.4 loopback端口的设置   loopback端口是一个虚拟端口,端口状态始终处于UP。通过它可以使由BGP相连的AS之间始终保持连系,不会由于边界路由器端口状态的改变而发生变化。其具体配置如下:   interface loopback     九常用的路由器命令 (见附录)       十 问与答     10.1如何检测网络是否通畅?   A:在网络主机上采用命令ping 来逐端检测网端。     10.2如何查看路由器配置信息?   A:在EXEC模式下用show config命令。     10.3如何查看路由器路由信息?   A:在EXEC模式下用show ip route 命令。     10.4如何查看路由器端口信息?   A:在EXEX模式下用show int <端口号> 命令。     10.5为什么端口协议已经配置,状态仍然是down?   A:在CONFIG模式下,选择该端口,执行no shutdwon命令。     10.6 config模式有几种状态,对应那些操作?   A:config模式有以下几种状态:   • globle config 全局配置操作 exec模式键入config t   • interface config 端口配置操作 config模式键入int <端口号>   • line config 线路配置操作 config模式键入line <线路号>   • router config 路由配置操作 config模式键入router<路由   协议>     十一网络实验简介     本实验模拟广东视聆通网络情况。将网络划分为AS 100和AS 200 .AS 100内动态路由协议采用RIP,AS 200内采用OSPF。两个自治域间采用BGP协议互连。该实验主要测试目的在于,测试一个采用RIP协议的网络能否划分自治域,并与其它自治域相连。     测试环境网络图见附图:   各点配置如下:     路由器A2配置:   hostname a2   !   enable secret 5 $1$kJyk$CfMLfg87wovmbVp5lHUfk/   enable password cisco   !   !   interface Loopback0   ip address 10.0.2.1 255.255.255.252   !   interface Ethernet0   ip address 10.86.16.2 255.255.240.0   ip rip send version 2   ip rip receive version 2   !   interface Ethernet1   ip address 10.0.210.5 255.255.255.252   ip rip send version 2   ip rip receive version 2   !   interface Serial0   no ip address   shutdown   !   interface Serial1   no ip address   shutdown   !   router rip   version 2   redistribute bgp 100   network 10.0.0.0   !   router bgp 100   network 10.0.210.4 mask 255.255.255.252   network 10.80.0.0 mask 255.240.0.0   redistribute rip   neighbor 10.0.210.6 remote-as 200   !   ip classless   !   line con 0   line aux 0   line vty 0 4   password cisco   login   !   end     路由器D的配置:   d#sh conf   Using 1069 out of 32762 bytes   !   version 11.0   service udp-small-servers   service tcp-small-servers   !   hostname d   !   enable secret 5 $1$EBoX$3AWqea9PpP9xTgr49gqLy.   enable password cisco   !   !   interface Loopback0   description Loopback Interface of Router   ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.252   no ip mroute-cache   !   interface Ethernet0   description Core Region Router in Guangzhou   ip address 10.0.210.6 255.255.255.252   no ip mroute-cache   !   interface Serial0   ip address 10.185.1.17 255.255.255.252   no ip mroute-cache   ip ospf network broadcast   clockrate 9600   !   interface Serial1   no ip address   no ip mroute-cache   ip ospf network broadcast   shutdown   !   router ospf 200   redistribute bgp 200 subnets   network 10.0.210.4 0.0.0.3 area 1   network 10.185.1.16 0.0.0.3 area 1   !   router bgp 200   network 10.0.210.4 mask 255.255.255.252   network 10.0.32.0 mask 255.255.240.0   network 10.185.1.16 mask 255.255.255.252   network 10.0.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252   neighbor 10.0.210.5 remote-as 100   !   ip classless   ip ospf name-lookup   !   line con 0   line aux 0   transport input all   line vty 0 4   password cisco   login   !   end     路由器B的配置:   b#sh ip route   Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP   D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area   E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP   i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default   U - per-user static route     Gateway of last resort is 10.85.1.5 to network 0.0.0.0     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 2 masks   R 10.0.2.0/30 [120/2] via 10.85.1.5, 00:00:25, Serial0   C 10.88.16.0/20 is directly connected, Ethernet0   R 10.86.16.0/20 [120/1] via 10.85.1.5, 00:00:25, Serial0   R 10.87.16.0/20 [120/2] via 10.85.1.5, 00:00:25, Serial0   R 10.85.1.8/30 [120/1] via 10.85.1.5, 00:00:25, Serial0   C 10.85.1.4/30 is directly connected, Serial0   R 10.0.210.4/30 [120/2] via 10.85.1.5, 00:00:25, Serial0   R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 10.85.1.5, 00:00:00, Serial0     b#sh conf   Using 572 out of 32762 bytes   !   version 11.1   service udp-small-servers   service tcp-small-servers   !   hostname b   !   !   !   interface Ethernet0   ip address 10.88.16.1 255.255.240.0   ip rip send version 2   ip rip receive version 2   !   interface Serial0   ip address 10.85.1.6 255.255.255.252   ip rip send version 2   ip rip receive version 2   clockrate 9600   !   interface Serial1   ip address 10.85.1.13 255.255.255.252   ip rip send version 2   ip rip receive version 2   clockrate 9600   !   router rip   version 2   network 10.0.0.0   !   ip classless   !   line con 0   line 1 8   line aux 0   line vty 0 4   password cisco   login   !   end   /************************************************************************/     路由器A1的配置:   a1#sh ip route   Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP   D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area   N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2   E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP   i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default   U - per-user static route, o - ODR     Gateway of last resort is 10.86.16.2 to network 0.0.0.0     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 2 masks   R 10.0.2.0/30 [120/1] via 10.86.16.2, 00:00:23, Ethernet0   R 10.88.16.0/20 [120/1] via 10.85.1.6, 00:00:27, Serial0   C 10.86.16.0/20 is directly connected, Ethernet0   R 10.87.16.0/20 [120/1] via 10.85.1.10, 00:00:24, Serial1   C 10.85.1.8/30 is directly connected, Serial1   C 10.85.1.4/30 is directly connected, Serial0   R 10.0.210.4/30 [120/1] via 10.86.16.2, 00:00:23, Ethernet0   S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.86.16.2   a1#sh conf   Using 600 out of 32762 bytes   !   version 11.2   !   hostname a1   !   enable secret 5 $1$PKCA$FzjiYXenZNipsGuOcpwAg0   enable password cisco   !   !   interface Ethernet0   ip address 10.86.16.1 255.255.240.0   ip rip send version 2   ip rip receive version 2   !   interface Serial0   ip address 10.85.1.5 255.255.255.252   ip rip send version 2   ip rip receive version 2   !   interface Serial1   ip address 10.85.1.9 255.255.255.252   ip rip send version 2   ip rip receive version 2   clockrate 9600   !   router rip   version 2   network 10.0.0.0   !   ip classless   ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.86.16.2   !   line con 0   line aux 0   line vty 0 4   password cisco   login   !   end     a1#     /*****************************************************/   路由器B1的配置:   b1#sh ip route   Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP   D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area   E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP   i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default   U - per-user static route     Gateway of last resort is not set     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 3 masks   O E2 10.0.0.0/8 [110/1] via 10.185.1.17, 00:34:51, Serial0   C 10.0.32.0/20 is directly connected, Ethernet0   C 10.185.1.16/30 is directly connected, Serial0   O 10.0.210.4/30 [110/74] via 10.185.1.17, 00:53:25, Serial0   b1#sh conf   Using 441 out of 32762 bytes   !   version 11.1   service udp-small-servers   service tcp-small-servers   !   hostname b1   !   !   !   interface Ethernet0   ip address 10.0.32.1 255.255.240.0   !   interface Serial0   ip address 10.185.1.18 255.255.255.252   ip ospf network broadcast   !   interface Serial1   no ip address   shutdown   !   router ospf 200   network 10.0.32.0 0.0.0.3 area 1   network 10.185.1.16 0.0.0.3 area 1   !   no ip classless   !   line con 0   line 1 8   line aux 0   line vty 0 4   login   !   end     路由器C的配置:   !   hostname c   !   enable secret 5 $1$IoKm$0ai6l75ThSs0zeR9T90W3/   enable password cisco   !   !   interface Ethernet0   ip address 10.87.16.1 255.255.240.0   ip rip send version 2   ip rip receive version 2   !   interface Serial0   ip address 10.85.1.14 255.255.255.252   ip rip send version 2   clockrate 9600   !   interface Serial1   ip address 10.85.1.10 255.255.255.252   ip rip send version 2   ip rip receive version 2   !   router rip   version 2   network 10.0.0.0   !   ip classless   !   line con 0   line 1 16   transport input all   line aux 0   transport input all   line vty 0 4   password cisco   login   !   end

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